Civil law is a set of rules that regulate relations between individuals, unless this regulation deals with a branch of private law, then private law is resorted to the judiciary, and civil law includes two types of legal relations, the first specialized in regulating the relationship of the individual with his family, It was called personal status and controlled issues related to eligibility, wills, lineage, marriage and divorce provisions, and inheritan.

development of civil law The origin of the name civil law goes back to the Roman era, which was applied in Rome, and applied to its citizens, knowing that the law that was applied outside Rome at the time was called the law of peoples, and civil law developed in the Middle Ages, and became synonymous with Roman law, especially civil that was collected During the reign of Emperor Justinian, when he was influenced by ecclesiastical law, another development took place to become synonymous with private law.

New branches of private law emerged from civil law, such as commercial law, labor law, and agricultural law, and many of its rules were taken, and on the basis of which provisions were established on its theories. People regardless of their sects and professions, unlike some branches that specialize in a specific sect or profession, and sometimes specific situations and cases, and reference is made to civil law in every case that cannot be regulated by other branches of private law.

civil laws The French method: It was called the Napoleon Law, as it was considered a major historical event in the history of French legislation, and was not limited to France alone, but included the countries of the whole world, and its method was clear, easy, and can be applied in practical cases, and this law was characterized by the printing of its texts in the law. The Roman law, and the “old French law.

The Roman law, and the “old French law”, imbued it with the ideas of the French Revolution through its support for the principle of individualism and secularism, as civil law separated from the church with some important matters such as marriage, and support for the principle of equality and individual freedom such as divorce, and the principle of the authority of the will was adopted in some matters Such as contracts, and legal actions that are among the foundations of civil law.
The German style: It was adopted after a great effort from the scientific work of the jurists of the nineteenth century, and this law is a modern law, and its fine technical formulation gave it great stability and reputation, and the German civil law was distinguished from the French civil law, in that the first created a general section that included applicable rules, concepts and terms Other sections of the law.