• Goldman Sachs reports fourth quarter earnings.
• China’s population shrinks for the first time in decades.
• Manchin, Sinema and Coons dine with CEOs in Davos.

Here are the most important news items that investors need to start their trading day:

1. Back at it

Welcome back from the holiday weekend. It’s only been two weeks, but 2023 has been kind to stocks. The Dow is up 3.5%, the S&P 500 has jumped 4.2%, and the Nasdaq, which had the worst 2022 of the three indices, is up 5.9%. Even though the Federal Reserve has stuck with its plan to keep raising rates to bring inflation down, recent data show consumer prices cooling off, even as the job market remains robust. While investors await the Fed’s next rate decision, on Feb. 1, in the meantime they will be processing the first wave of quarterly earnings reports. Several big banks reported Friday, as did Delta Air Lines. Tuesday brings more banks before the bell (see below) and United Airlines after the close. Procter and Gamble and Netflix report Thursday. Read live markets updates here.

2. Eyes on Goldman 

Investment banking at JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup didn’t look pretty in the fourth quarter, so now Wall Street looks to Goldman Sachs for its take on that segment of the banking industry. Goldman, which reported earnings Tuesday morning, posted lower-than-expected profit and revenue for the quarter, and investment banking was a big culprit. “Our clear, near term focus is realizing the benefits of our strategic realignment which will strengthen our core businesses, scale our growth platforms and improve efficiency,” CEO David Solomon said in the earnings release. Morgan Stanley also reported.

 3. China’s population falls 

China’s population fell last year for the first time since the 1960s. Mainland China’s population declined by 850,000 to 1.41 billion, China’s National Bureau of Statistics reported, factoring in 9.56 million births and 10.41 million deaths. The update comes days after China reported that 60,000 people, mostly senior citizens, died from the coronavirus since early December, as the country eased its “zero Covid” policy. And while China reported stronger-than-expected GDP growth for 2022, the latest population numbers indicate that concerns about demand in the country could linger for years. China is also on the verge of losing its title of the world’s most populous country, with India right on its heels.

4. Auto industry predictions

Here’s something for investors to “clip and save” for this year: 10 predictions for the auto industry from Cox Automotive. We won’t give much of it away here, but if you’ve been tracking the business, you might have a good idea where the predictions are pointing already. Expect some trends to persist this year, although others are primed to reverse, particularly when it comes to the supply chain. “We’re swapping a supply problem for a demand problem,” said Cox’s chief economist, Jonathan Smoke.