Writing in the Mail on Sunday, Prime Minister Boris Johnson has said his successor will deliver a "huge package" of support, without saying what it would be.
Nicola Sturgeon, Scotland's first minister, has called for urgent action from the UK government as only they can "access and make available resources of the scale required".
Mr. Adamson, whose role as children's commissioner is independent but publicly funded, told BBC Radio Scotland's The Sunday Show that poverty "impacts every single element" of youngsters' lives.
'Lives at risk as energy price cap soars by 80%Truss 'rules out' more direct energy bill help for what can I do if I can't pay my energy bill?
"It can affect their development, it has a negative impact on their mental and physical health, their education, family relationships, standard of living, aspirations and life chances," he said.
"Everyone who has any level of power needs to be thinking about how they can use their powers in the most effective way and use the resources they have most effectively.
"We're talking about a rights issue here and at the most extreme we are talking about the lives of children, but we're also talking about education and health and mental health, and the impact of governments failing to act is going to be lifelong."
He said making additional money and support available now "makes economic sense".
"The failure to act now is going to have massive economic consequences in the future as well in our health system and education system," he added.
"It's unacceptable that we've got children being left hungry, that families are without heating. These are political choices and we're leaving families unable to survive."
Universal support
Gas and electricity bills are set to soar in the autumn, with a typical household bill rising to £3,549 in October when the new energy price cap takes effect.
Rishi Sunak, who is vying to become the next prime minister, has said the government "must provide some direct support to everyone".
But Ms. Truss's team said she was not considering further universal support, like the £400 payment that all households will receive this winter.
Reports suggest a VAT cut is an option.
Prices have already increased dramatically this year with inflation - the rate at which prices rise - hitting a 40-year high of 10.1% in July and is expected to reach an estimated 18% next year.
Workers in many sectors have been calling for wage rises to help them cover the rising cost of living, with rail workers, mail staff, barristers, and council workers among those already going on strike and unions calling for further coordinated strikes this autumn.
However, the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) has warned businesses are also facing "brutal" increases in their costs and need government support to help to drive real wage growth.