At last year’s U.N. climate summit in Glasgow, world leaders pledged to halt deforestation, phase out fossil fuel subsidies and offer up more climate aid. Following through has been tough.

A year ago, at the United Nations climate change conference in Glasgow, heads of state and business leaders made a long list of splashy promises to help fight global warming.

But as the 2022 climate summit gets underway in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt, this week, many countries and companies have made only halting progress toward the goals they set for themselves, like curbing deforestation or increasing the amount of climate aid to poorer nations. In some cases, governments are backsliding on promises as war, energy shortages and inflation have overshadowed climate concerns.

The focus of this year’s talks, experts said, will be figuring out how nations can follow through on their pledges. Unlike at previous climate talks, “there are no real big treaty-related negotiations left,” said Kaveh Guilanpour, a vice president at the Center for Energy and Climate Solutions. “What we are now faced with is the very hard work of actually implementing promises made.”