Full Stack Web Development refers to the development of both the front-end and back-end parts of a web application. A full stack developer is proficient in working on the entire stack of technologies used to build a web application, from the user interface (UI) to the server-side logic and database.
1. Front-End Development
The front-end (or client-side) is everything the user interacts with directly in a web application. It’s the part of the application responsible for how the website looks and feels.
Key technologies:
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The structure and content of a webpage.
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Styling, layout, and design.
- JavaScript: Client-side scripting that makes the web interactive.
- Frameworks/Libraries:
- React.js, Angular, Vue.js: JavaScript libraries or frameworks that help build dynamic and responsive user interfaces.
- Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS: CSS frameworks for easier styling.
2. Back-End Development
The back-end (or server-side) is the part of the application that runs on the server and interacts with the database, handling business logic, and processing requests from the front-end.
Key technologies:
- Server-side Languages:
- Node.js (JavaScript runtime environment)
- Python (Django, Flask)
- Ruby (Ruby on Rails)
- PHP
- Java (Spring, Hibernate)
- C# (.NET)
- Databases:
- SQL: Relational databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL.
- NoSQL: Non-relational databases like MongoDB.
- APIs (Application Programming Interfaces):
- RESTful APIs or GraphQL for communication between the front-end and back-end.
- Authentication and Security: Implementing user authentication (e.g., OAuth, JWT) and ensuring application security (e.g., encryption, data validation).