Fentanyl, pictured in this CBC file photo, is 50 to 100 times more toxic than morphine, and is a leading cause in the rising number of opioid overdose deaths across the country.
Results from a study conducted at Lakehead University during the pandemic is painting a picture of the increasingly deadly supply of drugs in Thunder Bay.
The study asked 98 people who use drugs in the northwestern Ontario city a number of questions about their drug use between April and June 2021, including what substances they believed they consumed in the previous three days. Then, a urine test was completed, and the results compared to the survey responses.
Among the findings, 69 per cent of respondents in the survey had unexpected or unknown drugs show up in their urinalysis, which demonstrates just how unpredictable the drug supply has become in northwestern Ontario, according to Abigale Sprakes, the researcher who conducted the study and an assistant professor with Lakehead University's school of social work.
"This becomes concerning because it doesn't allow people to actually make decisions for themselves about how they might keep themselves safe with these really high rates of unknown drugs in their system," she said.
Some of the data was published this month by the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction as part of a national report on the use of drugs from the unregulated supply.
It comes as the provincial coroner released data showing that a record 2,819 people died across Ontario in 2021 from opioid toxicity, up 80 per cent from 2019, the year before the pandemic began.
In the Thunder Bay District Health Unit's catchment area alone, 152 people died from a drug-related overdose last year, according to preliminary data. That's about two people dying every five days, and puts the health unit among those most affected on a per capita basis by Ontario's worsening drug crisis.
Drug-related overdose deaths in Thunder Bay district
Drugs cut many times before reaching Thunder Bay
The results from the study don't come as any surprise to Kyle Arnold, an outreach worker in the city who told CBC News he's been to more overdose-related funerals in the last few months than ever before.
"The drugs are coming up here from wherever they're coming, and they're cut with something. Then they get cut again, and by the time they make it to northern Ontario, you can imagine how many times they've been cut [with different substances]," Arnold said, adding every time they're cut with something new, it makes more product to sell.
The [dealers], they're not properly mixing this stuff in the lab or anything. There's no thought for human life. They're just throwing [substances] in, mixing it and trying to make some money."
Now, Arnold says he's heard more people are using benzodiazepines as a cutting agent, because it is cheap to get and makes the substance really potent.