1) Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus based on a combination of factors such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed. 2) Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors. 3) Determine desired images and picture composition; and select and adjust subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects. 4) Develop and print exposed film, using chemicals, touchup tools, and developing and printing equipment, or send film to photofinishing laboratories for processing. 5) Enhance, retouch, and resize photographs and negatives, using airbrushing and other techniques. 6) Estimate or measure light levels, distances, and numbers of exposures needed, using measuring devices and formulas. 7) Load and unload film. 8) Photograph subject material to illustrate or record scientific/medical data or phenomena, using knowledge of scientific procedures and photographic technology and techniques. 9) Review sets of photographs to select the best work. 10) Select and assemble equipment and required background properties, according to subjects, materials, and conditions. 11) Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location. 12) Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order. 13) Consult with clients or advertising staff, and study assignments to determine project goals, locations, and equipment needs. 14) Direct activities of workers who are setting up photographic equipment. 15) Engage in research to develop new photographic procedures and materials. 16) Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software. 17) Mount, frame, laminate, and/or lacquer finished photographs. 18) Perform maintenance tasks necessary to keep equipment working properly.