overwhelmed by the intensity of the fighting, 10,000 fell under the bullets of the Rifians. Their leader is missing even if the official prose in Madrid advanced that he would have committed suicide. Until today, his body has not been found. A lesson for the guerrilla movements This military setback was to give birth in Spain to the name "Disaster of Anoual", in vogue in history books, and widely shared by the media. But above all Anoual served as a lesson to the guerrilla movements in Africa and Asia. From now on, numerical superiority and the quality of weapons were no longer guarantees of victory. Anoual had allowed the Rifians to modernize their old arsenal without spending a single dirham. In his book, “Abdelkrim El Khattabi: a nationalist leader”, Azzedine El Khattabi underlined that the booty was enormous: “20 thousand rifles, 400 machine guns, 129 cannons, one million cartridges and a large number of trucks and cars”. In all, the rifains got their hands on 100 military positions. When France discussed with El Khattabi Anoual's success against a regular army had a considerable impact on the international scene. The press, especially on the left, was beginning to take an interest in the Rif war. The French government of the time, which feared a direct confrontation with the Rifain, initiated, against the advice of Marshal Pétain, a great supporter of the military solution, peace negotiations with Abdelkrim El Khattabi. This gave rise to the Oujda talks of April 9, 1925. It was just a parenthesis in the history of the conflict, which is little known to the general public. Only three weeks later, on May 6, 1925, it was the break. After this brief “peace” phase, El Khattabi resumed his plans, ordering his troops to attack positions held by the French. There too, he recorded a victory against the forces of Marshal Lyautey. A crime against humanity that has gone unpunished Nearly a century after the battle of Anoual, the memory of the massive use of chemical gases by the Spanish army is still present in the memories of the Rifians. Significant quantities of the lethal product were generously supplied by France and Germany to kill the Riffian population.