Telephony refers to the technology and systems used for transmitting voice, fax, or other communication over distances, traditionally through telephones. It encompasses both analog and digital methods, including landlines, mobile networks, and internet-based services like VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). Modern telephony integrates voice communication with data services, allowing for features like video calls, messaging, and conferencing. The primary goal of telephony is to enable efficient and reliable communication between individuals or organizations, regardless of their location.