The vote could have forced his resignation after the prime minister became embroiled in a series of scandals.
Johnson called the vote "an extremely good result" and "conclusive" and "decisive" and said he can now focus on delivering what people care about, including rising costs and crime.
"We have now the opportunity to put down all this stuff people in the media like going on about," Johnson added.
Held by Johnson's Conservative Party, the vote was the latest challenge aimed at ending the political career of the United Kingdom's controversial leader.
"Conservative MPs made their choice tonight," Keir Starmer, leader of the opposing Labour Party, said in a speech following the results. "They have ignored the British public and hitched themselves and their party firmly to Boris Johnson, and everything that he represents."
Graham Brady, a Conservative MP, announced the vote on Monday morning, saying it had been triggered on Sunday when a 15% threshold of Conservative lawmakers in the House of Commons had decided they no longer trusted Johnson to lead.
"The PM welcomes the opportunity to make his case to MPs and will remind them that when they're united and focused on the issues that matter to voters there is no more formidable political force," No. 10 Downing St., Johnson's office, said in a statement.